Academic success, engagement and self-efficacy of first-year university students:personal variables and first-semester performance / Éxito académico, compromiso y autoeficacia de los estudiantes universitarios de primer año: variables personales y desempeño del primer semestre

La educación superior puede ser extremadamente transformadora para los estudiantes y tiene un papel importante en la formación del capital humano, en la innovación y en el desarrollo social, cultural y ambiental de la sociedad. La expansión de la educación superior promovió el acceso de una mezcla de estudiantes más heterogénea, pero garantizar el acceso no garantiza el éxito académico. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los predictores de desempeño académico en 447 estudiantes de primer año en el 1er y 2do semestre, considerando variables como sexo, edad, nivel educativo de los padres y calificaciones al ingresar a la educación superior, junto con los niveles de compromiso académico e autoeficacia de los estudiantes tras algunas semanas en la universidad. Los resultados muestran trayectorias estadísticamente significativas para sexo, edad y GPA hasta el desempeño del primer semestre, para los niveles educativos de los padres hasta la autoeficacia percibida, para la implicación académica de los estudiantes hasta el desempeño del primer semestre y el desempeño del primer semestre hasta el desempeño del segundo semestre La participación académica de los estudiantes también tuvo un efecto indirecto en el desempeño del segundo semestre. La correlación entre compromiso académica y autoeficacia fue positiva, fuerte y estadísticamente significativa. El modelo explicó el 35.2% de la varianza del rendimiento académico en el segundo semestre y el 15.0% de la varianza del rendimiento académico en el primer semestre. El conocimiento sobre los predictores del rendimiento académico y la importancia del compromiso y la autoeficacia respaldará las intervenciones oportunas, promoviendo el éxito y previniendo el fracaso y el abandono.(AU)

Higher education can be hugely transformative for students and has an important role in empowering human capital, innovation, and socie-ty’s social, cultural, and environmental development. The expansion of higher education has promoted access for a more heterogeneous mix of students, but ensuring access does not guarantee academic success. This paper aims to analyse predictors of academic achievement in 447 first-year students in their 1stand 2ndsemesters, considering variables including sex, age, parents’ educational level and grades on entering higher education, along with levels of students’ academic engagement and self-efficacy after some weeks at university. Results show statistically significant paths for sex, age, and GPA to 1st-semester achievement, for parent’s educational levels to perceived self-efficacy, for students’ academic engagement to 1st-semester achievement, and 1st-semester achievement to 2nd-semester achievement. Students’ academic engagement also had an indirect effect on the 2nd-semester achievement. The correlation between academic engage-ment and self-efficacy was positive, strong, and statistically significant. The model explained 35.2% of the variance in 2nd-semester achievement and 15.0% of the variance in 1st-semester achievement. Knowledge about pre-dictors of academic achievement and the importance of engagement and self-efficacy will support timely interventions, promoting success and pre-venting failure and dropout.(AU)

Trastorno eréctil ¿Qué factores pueden afectar a su gravedad? Un estudio descriptivo-correlacional / Erectile dysfunction: what factors affect its severity? A descriptive correlate story

Una de las disfunciones sexuales más comunes es el trastorno eréctil (TE). Pretendemos identificar factores asociados a la gravedad del TE. Treinta y seis hombres, entre 18 y 70 años, que presentan un diagnóstico de TE, basado en los criterios DSM-V, han sido evaluados a través de una entrevista clínica y de una batería de 7 cuestionarios (IIEF, SCL-90, PDQ-4, PSWQ, STAI, SSES, SSEI). La metodología se centró en un estudio cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo-correlacional de diseño ex post facto con muestreo por conveniencia. Los resultados del modelo de regresión final muestran que la autoeficacia sexual, determinadas tendencias de personalidad y la sintomatología de depresión, somatización, obsesión-compulsión y ansiedad son factores asociados a la gravedad del TE, explicando el 51,3% de la varianza. Poder identificar aquellos factores asociados a la gravedad del TE, puede tener una relevante importancia para poder trabajar en su prevención y mejorar la orientación de las intervenciones psicológicas.(AU)

One of the most common sexual dysfunctions is erectile disorder (ED). Therefore, this research aims to identify factors associated with the severity of ED. Thirty-six men, aged 18 to 70 years, with a diagnosis of ED, based on DSM-V criteria, were assessed by means of a clinical interview and a battery of 7 questionnaires (IIEF, SCL-90, PDQ-4, PSWQ, STAI, SSES, SSEI). The methodology focused on a quantitative, descriptive-correlational study of ex post facto design with convenience sampling. The results of the final regression model shows that sexual self-efficacy, certain personality tendencies and the symptomatology of depression, somatization, obsession-compulsion and anxiety are factors associated with the severity of TE, explaining 51.3% of the variance. Being able to identify those factors associated with the severity of TE may be of relevant importance in order to work on its prevention and improve the orientation of psychological interventions.(AU)

Determinación de la imagen corporal y los niveles de autoeficacia en pacientes después de un trasplante de córnea / Determination of body image and self-efficacy levels in patients after cornea transplantation

Objetivo: El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la imagen corporal y los niveles de autoeficacia después de la cirugía en pacientes con trasplante de córnea. Materiales y métodos: La población de este estudio descriptivo estuvo compuesta por 383 pacientes que acudieron a la unidad del banco de ojos de un Hospital Universitario tras un trasplante de córnea. El tamaño de la muestra de 193 pacientes se calculó con una potencia de 0,5 y un margen de error de 5%, lo cual representa 95% del universo. Los datos fueron recopilados a través de entrevistas presenciales con los pacientes por parte del investigador, y el estudio se completó con 178 pacientes desde septiembre a noviembre de 2022. Los datos fueron recolectados utilizando un formulario de información al paciente, la escala de imagen corporal y la escala de autoeficacia general. En el análisis de datos se utilizaron la distribución porcentual, la media aritmética y el análisis de correlación. Resultados: Se determinó que la puntuación media de la escala de imagen corporal de los pacientes trasplantados participantes en el estudio fue de 159,41±36,99 y la puntuación media de la escala de autoeficacia fue de 30,37±8,31. Cuando se examinó la comparación de las puntuaciones medias, la diferencia entre las puntuaciones medias de la escala de género, estado civil, ocupación y de imagen corporal fue estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05), mientras que la diferencia entre las puntuaciones medias de autoeficacia no fue estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05). Existió una relación significativa positiva moderadamente fuerte entre la imagen corporal y la autoeficacia de los pacientes (p < 0,01) (r = 0,57). Conclusión: Se constató que la imagen corporal y los niveles de autoeficacia de la paciente eran elevados, y la autoeficacia aumentaba a medida que aumentaba la imagen corporal.(AU)

Purpose: The study aimed to determine body image and levels after surgery in cornea transplant patients. Materials and methods: The population of this cross-sectional study was composed of 383 patients presented to the Eye Bank unit of a University Hospital after corneal transplantation. Sample size of 193 patients was calculated with 0.5 power, a margin of error of 5%, representing 95% of the universe. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews with the patients by the researcher and the study was completed with 178 patients in September - November 2022. The data were collected using a Patient Information Form, the Body Image Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Parametric tests, Pearson Correlation, Student's T-test, and One-Way Analysis of Variance tests were performed were used in the data analysis. Results: It was determined that the mean Body Image Scale score of the transplant patients participating in the study was 159.41 ± 36.99 and the mean Self-Efficacy Scale score was 30.37±8.31. When the comparison of the mean scores was examined, the difference between the mean scores of gender, marital status, occupation, and body image scale was statistically significant (P < .05), while the difference between the self-efficacy mean scores was not statistically significant (P > .05). There was a positive, moderately strong significant relationship between body image and the self-efficacy of the patients (P < .01) (r = .57). Conclusion: It was found that the patient's body image and self-efficacy levels were high, and self-efficacy increased as the body image increased.(AU)

Motivational orientation and intention to be physically active in physical education students: The role of motor self-efficacy / Orientação motivacional e intenção de ser fisicamente ativo em estudantes de educação física: O papel da auto-eficácia motora / Orientación motivacional e intención de ser físicamente activo en estudiantes de educación física: El papel de la autoeficacia motriz

La motivación orientada a la tarea se vincula con la tendencia de los estudiantes de Educación Física a asociarse con una mayor probabilidad de ser físicamente activos en el futuro y fuera de las clases de Educación Física, mientras que la motivación orientada al ego estaría vinculada a una menor probabilidad de desarrollar estilos de vida activos. Además, la literatura existente ha mostrado que la percepción de autoeficacia también sería una variable que determina la intención de ser activo. Así, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las relaciones entre la orientación motivacional y la intención de ser activo, analizando el papel de la autoeficacia motriz en estas relaciones. Para ello, se desarrolló un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales en el que se evaluaron los efectos directos e indirectos entre las variables. Participaron en esta investigación 478 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y los 18 años (M=14.57; DT=1.15). Para la recogida de información se utilizaron elCuestionario Orientación al Ego y a la Tarea en el Deporte (TEOSQ), la Escala de Autoeficacia Motriz (MSES) y la Escala de Intención de Ser Físicamente Activo (MIFA). Los datos mostraron una relación positiva y directa entre la orientación a la tarea con la autoeficacia motriz y la intención de ser activo. Asimismo, los datos mostraron una relación positiva y directa entre la orientaciónal ego con la autoeficacia motora, pero no con la intención de ser activo. Asimismo, se observaron efectos indirectos y positivos entre la orientación a la tarea y al ego con la intención de ser activo. Por lo tanto, los resultados de este estudio muestran que podría ser necesario tener en cuenta la autoeficacia para comprender mejor las relaciones entre las orientaciones motivacionales y la intención de ser activo.(AU)

Task-oriented is linked to the tendency of Physical Education students to be associated with a higher likelihoodof being physically active in the future and outside of Physical Education classes, while ego-oriented motivation is linked to a lower likelihood of developing active lifestyles. However, existing literature has shown that self-efficacy perception is also a variable that determines the intention to be active. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the relationships between motivational orientationand the intention to be active, examining the role of motor self-efficacy in these relationships. To this end, astructural equation model was developed in which direct and indirect effects between the variables were evaluated. A total of 478 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years old (M=14.57; SD=1.15) participated in this research. The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), the Motor Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), and the Intention of Being Physically Active Scale (MIFA) were used to collect information. The data showed a positive and direct relationship between task orientation with motor self-efficacy and intention to be active. Likewise, the data showed a positive and direct relationship between ego orientation and motor self-efficacy, but not to be active. Additionally, indirect and positive effects were observed between task and ego orientation to be active. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that it might be necessary to consider self-efficacy to better understand the relationships between motivational orientations and intention to be active.(AU)

A orientação para a tarefa está ligada à tendência dos estudantes de Educação Física para serem fisicamente activos no futuro bem como fora das aulas de Educação Física. Por outro lado, a orientação para o ego está mais relacionada com uma menor probabilidade de desenvolverem estilos de vida activos. No entanto, a literatura existente tem demonstrado que a perceção de auto-eficácia seria também uma variável que determina a intenção de ser ativo. Assim, o objetivodo presente estudo foi analisar as relações entre a orientação motivacional e a intenção de ser ativo, analisando o papel da auto-eficácia motora nestas relações. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um modelo de equações estruturais no qual foram avaliados os efeitos diretos e indiretos. Participaram nesta investigação 478 adolescentes com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 18 anos (M=14,57; DP=1,15). Para a recolha de informação foram utilizados o Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), aMotor Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES) e a Intention ofBeing Physically Active Scale (MIFA). Os dados revelaram uma relação positiva e direta entre a orientação para a tarefa, a auto-eficácia motora e a intenção de ser ativo. Além disso, os dados revelaram uma relação positiva e direta entre a orientação para o ego e a auto-eficácia motora, mas não com a intenção de ser ativo. Da mesma forma, foram observados efeitos indirectos positivos entre a orientação para a tarefa e a orientação para o ego com a intenção de ser ativo. Portanto, os resultados deste estudo sugerem que pode ser necessário considerar a autoeficácia para entender as relações entre as orientações motivacionais e a intenção de ser ativo.(AU)

Determination of body image and self-efficacy levels in patients after cornea transplantation.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to determine body image and levels after surgery in cornea transplant patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The population of this cross-sectional study was composed of 383 patients presented to the Eye Bank unit of a University Hospital after corneal transplantation. Sample size of 193 patients was calculated with 0.5 power, a margin of error of 5%, representing 95% of the universe. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews with the patients by the researcher and the study was completed with 178 patients in September-November 2022. The data were collected using a Patient Information Form, the Body Image Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Parametric tests, Pearson Correlation, Student's t-test, and One-Way Analysis of Variance tests were performed were used in the data analysis. RESULTS: It was determined that the mean Body Image Scale score of the transplant patients participating in the study was 159.41 ±â€¯36.99 and the mean Self-Efficacy Scale score was 30.37 ±â€¯8.31. When the comparison of the mean scores was examined, the difference between the mean scores of gender, marital status, occupation, and body image scale was statistically significant (p < .05), while the difference between the self-efficacy mean scores was not statistically significant (p > .05). There was a positive, moderately strong significant relationship between body image and the self-efficacy of the patients (p < .01) (r = .57). CONCLUSION: It was found that the patient's body image and self-efficacy levels were high, and self-efficacy increased as the body image increased.

Cognitive predictors and decision-making in the experience of coronary syndrome symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value of Cognitive Assessment, Symptom Severity, Personal Control and Self-Efficacy on decision making in the experience of Acute Coronary Syndrome symptoms. METHOD: Quantitative study of cross-sectional analytical design, a probabilistic sampling was carried out for 256 participants diagnosed with coronary syndrome in three health institutions. The effects between the independent variables Cognitive Assessment, Symptom Severity, Personal Control, Self-Efficacy and the dependent Decision-Making were analyzed. Using inferential statistics, a Generalized Linear Regression Model was carried out, which allowed establishing the causal relationships between the variables. RESULTS: Two predictive models were obtained between decision making and cognitive evaluation, in which personal control, severity of symptoms, sex and context were significant. Self-efficacy was not reported as a predictor variable. The values ​​of the independent variables showed a behavior directly proportional to the Decision Making score. CONCLUSION: A verification of the conceptual model for the management of symptoms was carried out.

Evidence of validity of the Brazilian version of the Cancer Behavior Inventory - Brief Version / Evidencia de validez de la versión brasileña del Cancer Behavior Inventory - Brief Version / Evidências de validade da versão brasileira do Cancer Behavior Inventory - Brief Version

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Cancer Behavior Inventory - Brief Version. Method: Methodological study, conducted between November and December 2021, with 140 patients undergoing hospital cancer treatment in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Psychometric analyses were performed in the adapted version, using exploratory factor analysis and correlation with correlated constructs. Results: A two-factor and 10-item model was evidenced. The cumulative variance explained about 61% the shared variance of the items. Satisfactory values were observed for the factors in the analyses of composite reliability (0.89 and 0.91, respectively), internal consistency (0.86 and 0.91, respectively) and ORION (0.89 and 0.85, respectively). The expected correlations of self-efficacy with quality of life (convergent) and with anxiety and depression (divergent) were evident. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the instrument showed evidence of validity, being considered reliable to assess the self-efficacy of patients undergoing cancer treatment.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias de validez de la versión brasileña del Cancer Behavior Inventory - Brief Version. Método: Estudio metodológico, realizado entre noviembre y diciembre de 2021, con 140 pacientes en tratamiento oncológico hospitalario en João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Se realizaron análisis psicométricos en la versión adaptada, mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y correlación con constructos correlacionados. Resultados: Se evidenció un modelo de 2 factores y 10 ítems. La varianza acumulada explicó alrededor del 61% de la varianza compartida de los ítems. Se observaron valores satisfactorios para los factores en el análisis de confiabilidad compuesta (0,89 y 0,91, respectivamente), consistencia interna (0,86 y 0,91, respectivamente) y ORION (0,89 y 0,85, respectivamente). Se evidenciaron las correlaciones esperadas de la autoeficacia con la calidad de vida (convergente) y con la ansiedad y la depresión (divergente). Conclusión: La versión brasileña del instrumento mostró evidencias de validez, siendo considerado confiable para evaluar la autoeficacia de pacientes en tratamiento oncológico.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as evidências de validade da versão brasileira do Cancer Behavior Inventory - Brief Version. Método: Estudo metodológico, realizado entre os meses de novembro e dezembro de 2021, com 140 pacientes em tratamento oncológico hospitalar em João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Foram realizadas análises psicométricas na versão adaptada, mediante a análise fatorial exploratória e correlação com constructos correlacionados. Resultados: Evidenciou-se um modelo de 2 fatores e 10 itens. A variância acumulada explicou cerca de 61% da variância compartilhada dos itens. Foram observados valores satisfatórios para os fatores nas análises de confiabilidade composta (0,89 e 0,91, respectivamente), consistência interna (0,86 e 0,91, respectivamente) e ORION (0,89 e 0,85, respectivamente). Evidenciaram-se as correlações esperadas da autoeficácia com a qualidade de vida (convergente) e com a ansiedade e depressão (divergente). Conclusão: A versão brasileira do instrumento mostrou evidências de validade, sendo considerada como confiável para avaliar a autoeficácia dos pacientes em tratamento oncológico.

Influence of self-efficiency beliefs on the health and well-being of university students in COVID-19 / Influencia de las creencias de autoeficiencia en la salud y el bienestar de los estudiantes universitarios en COVID-19 / Influência das crenças de autoeficácia na saúde e bem-estar de estudantes universitários na COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze general self-efficacy beliefs in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic and their correlation with psychological well-being and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Method: Cross-sectional study, carried out with nursing, medicine and psychology students from a higher education institution in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The sample consisted of 329 students and data collection took place through a questionnaire and scales, from August to December 2020. Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used for analysis of the variables. Results: Participants' self-efficacy was median (34.3±7.5). Higher self-efficacy scores were correlated with better psychological well-being (p<0.001; r= -0.582) and absence of anxiety (p<0.001) and depressive (p<0.001) symptoms. Conclusion: High self-efficacy beliefs were associated with better mental health outcomes. Strengthening self-efficacy in universities can help improve students' health behaviors and prevent mental illness.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las creencias generales de autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y su correlación con el bienestar psicológico y la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva. Método: Estudio transversal, realizado con estudiantes de enfermería, medicina y psicología de una institución de enseñanza superior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. La muestra estuvo conformada por 329 estudiantes y la recolección de datos se realizó a través de cuestionario y escalas, de agosto a diciembre de 2020. Para el análisis de las variables se utilizó la prueba de Mann-Whitney y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: La autoeficacia de los participantes fue mediana (34,3±7,5). Las puntuaciones más altas de autoeficacia se correlacionaron con un mejor bienestar psicológico (p<0,001; r= -0,582) y ausencia de síntomas de ansiedad (p<0,001) y depresivos (p<0,001). Conclusión: Las creencias de alta autoeficacia se asociaron con mejores resultados de salud mental. Fortalecer la autoeficacia en las universidades puede ayudar a mejorar los comportamientos de salud de los estudiantes y prevenir enfermedades mentales.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as crenças de autoeficácia geral em universitários, durante a pandemia da covid-19 e sua correlação com bem-estar psicológico e sintomas ansiosos e depressivos. Método: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido com estudantes de enfermagem, medicina e psicologia de instituição de ensino superior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A amostra foi de 329 estudantes e a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionário e escalas, de agosto a dezembro de 2020.Utilizaram-se o teste Mann-Whitney e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman para análise das variáveis. Resultados: A autoeficácia dos participantes foi mediana (34,3±7,5). Maiores escores de autoeficácia foram correlacionados a melhor estado de bem-estar psicológico (p<0,001; r= -0,582) e ausência de sintomas ansiosos (p<0,001) e depressivos (p<0,001). Conclusão: Crenças elevadas de autoeficácia foram associadas a melhores desfechos em saúde mental. O fortalecimento da autoeficácia nas universidades pode ajudar a melhorar os comportamentos de saúde dos estudantes e prevenir doenças mentais.

Ankyloglossia severity in infants: maternal pain, self-efficacy, and functional aspects of breastfeeding / Gravidade da anquiloglossia em bebês: dor materna, autoeficácia e aspectos funcionais do aleitamento materno

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze functional aspects of breastfeeding, self-efficacy, and pain reported by mothers during breastfeeding, in newborns with severe and mild ankyloglossia. Methods: This is an observational study, carried out with 81 babies with ankyloglossia, assessed by the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (severe: scores 0-3; mild: scores 4-6) nested in a cohort carried out at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil. The functional aspects of breastfeeding were analyzed using the Breastfeeding Observation Form of the United Nations Children's Fund (BOF-UNICEF) and the LATCH Scoring System. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale — Short-Form. Pain indicators were evaluated by the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: Maternal age was 26.7±0.8 years, and 64.2% reported high school education. Most babies were male (67.9%), and the birth weight was 3232±60g. A significant association was detected in the sucking aspect evaluated by the BOF-UNICEF [β=0.22 (95%CI 0.07; 0.73), p-value=0.013]. However, the groups did not differ in the assessment of breastfeeding performed by the LATCH scale. The groups had no differences in the assessment of breastfeeding self-efficacy reported by mothers, and in pain scores. Conclusions: Despite the observation of sucking difficulty in infants with severe ankyloglossia., the quality of breastfeeding in general, maternal pain, and self-efficacy reported by mothers do not differ when compared with infants with mild ankyloglossia. Therefore, the severity of ankyloglossia seems not to affect the breastfeeding indicators.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar aspectos funcionais da amamentação, autoeficácia e dor relatada pelas mães durante a amamentação, em recém-nascidos com anquiloglossia grave e leve. Métodos: Estudo observacional, realizado com 81 bebês diagnosticados com anquiloglossia avaliados pelo Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (grave: escores 0-3; leve: escores: 4-6), aninhados em um estudo de coorte realizado no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil. Os aspectos funcionais do aleitamento materno foram analisados por meio do Formulário de Observação da Amamentação do Fundo Internacional para a Infância das Nações Unidas (BOF-UNICEF) e da Escala LATCH. Aautoeficácia foi mensurada por meio da Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale — Short-Form. Os indicadores de dor foram avaliados pelo Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A idade materna foi 26,7±0,8 anos, e 64,2% concluíram o ensino médio. A maioria dos recém-nascidos era do sexo masculino (67,9%), e o peso ao nascer foi 3232±60g. Foi detectada associação significante no aspecto da sucção avaliado pelo BOF-UNICEF [β=0,22 (IC95% 0,07; 0,73), p=0,013]. No entanto, os grupos não diferiram na avaliação do aleitamento materno realizada pela escala LATCH. Os grupos não apresentaram diferenças na avaliação da autoeficácia em amamentar relatada pelas mães e no escore de dor. Conclusões: Apesar de ter sido observada dificuldade de sucção em lactentes com anquiloglossia grave, a qualidade da amamentação em geral, a dor materna e a autoeficácia relatada pelas mães não diferem quando comparadas com as de lactentes com anquiloglossia leve. Assim, a gravidade da anquiloglossia parece não afetar os indicadores de amamentação.

Interventions for Strengthening General Self-Efficacy Beliefs in College Students: An Integrative Review / Intervenciones para Fortalecer las Creencias de Autoeficacia General en Estudiantes Universitarios: Revisión Integrativa / Intervenções para Fortalecimento das Crenças de Autoeficácia Geral em Estudantes Universitários: Revisão Integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at strengthening self-efficacy beliefs in college students. Methods: Integrative Review conducted on the Lilacs, PubMed, CinahL, Cochrane Collaboration Databases, Scopus, and PsycInfo databases. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using tools proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the results were analyzed descriptively. Results: Out of the 10 selected studies, six demonstrated that interventions aimed at strengthening self-efficacy were effective (Levels of Evidence II and III), and four revealed contrary results (Levels of Evidence I and II). Programs aimed at enhancing self-efficacy should include content on positive mental health, psychoeducation strategies, cover a period of eight to twelve weeks, and consider the completion of homework assignments. Conclusion: The synthesis of evidence pointed to pathways for building an effective self-efficacy strengthening program to be implemented in universities.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar las evidencias sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones para fortalecer las creencias de autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Revisión Integrativa realizada en las bases de datos Lilacs, PubMed, CinahL, Cochrane Collaboration Databases, Scopus y PsycInfo. La calidad metodológica de los estudios se evaluó utilizando herramientas propuestas por el Instituto Joanna Briggs y los resultados se analizaron de forma descriptiva. Resultados: De los 10 estudios seleccionados, seis demostraron que las intervenciones para fortalecer la autoeficacia fueron efectivas (niveles de evidencia II y III) y cuatro arrojaron resultados contrarios (niveles de evidencia I y II). Los programas dirigidos al fortalecimiento de la autoeficacia deben incluir contenido sobre salud mental positiva, estrategias de psicoeducación, abarcar un período de ocho a doce semanas y considerar la realización de ejercicios para hacer en casa. Conclusión: La síntesis de evidencia señala el camino para la construcción de un programa efectivo de fortalecimiento de las creencias de autoeficacia que debe implementarse en las universidades.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as evidências sobre a efetividade das intervenções para fortalecer as crenças de autoeficácia em universitários. Métodos: Revisão Integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados Lilacs, PubMed, CinahL, Cochrane Collaboration Databases, Scopus e PsycInfo. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada por meio de ferramentas propostas pelo Joanna Briggs Institute e os resultados foram analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: Dos 10 estudos selecionados, seis demonstraram que as intervenções para fortalecer a autoeficácia foram efetivas (níveis de evidências II e III) e quatro revelaram resultados contrários (níveis de evidências I e II). Os programas direcionados ao fortalecimento da autoeficácia devem possuir conteúdo sobre saúde mental positiva, estratégias de psicoeducação, abranger o período de oito a doze semanas e considerar a realização de exercícios para casa. Conclusão: A síntese das evidências apontou caminhos para a construção de um programa efetivo de fortalecimento das crenças de autoeficácia a ser implementado em universidades.

Efectos de la estimulación transcraneal con corriente directa (tDCS) sobre el consumo de tabaco, la motivación y la autoeficacia para dejar de fumar / Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on tobacco use, motivation and self-efficacy to quit smoking

Estudios recientes de estimulación transcraneal con corriente directa (tDCS), aplicada sobre la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral (CPFDL), han demostrado que pueden reducir el craving y el consumo de tabaco. Sin embargo, existen pocas investigaciones que hayan evaluado los efectos del tDCS sobre la motivación y la autoeficacia para dejar de fumar. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la tDCS sobre el patrón de consumo, la motivación y la autoeficacia percibida para dejar de fumar en 16 personas con Trastorno por Consumo de Tabaco (TCT). Se utilizó un diseño de series temporales con replicación intrasujeto ABAB. El tratamiento consistió en la aplicación de 10 sesiones repetidas de tDCS a 1.5 mA durante 20 minutos sobre la CPFDL (cátodo F3 y ánodo F4), una sesión diaria durante dos semanas (lunes a viernes). Tras una fase de descanso de un mes, se replicó el tratamiento intrasujeto en idénticas condiciones. La intervención completa duró nueve semanas y fue completada por 10 participantes. Los resultados mostraron una reducción significativa en la dependencia a la nicotina, el número de cigarrillos fumados y los niveles de monóxido de carbono (CO) en el aire espirado. Además, observamos una mejora significativa en la motivación y la autoeficacia percibida para dejar de fumar. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el tDCS, aplicado sobre la CPFDL, puede ser una técnica efectiva para usar como terapia coadyuvante a otras estrategias farmacológicas y/o psicológicas empleadas en las Unidades de Conductas Adictivas (UCAs), u otros centros de atención a las drogodependencias. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios que investiguen la interacción entre los efectos de la nicotina y el tDCS para encontrar la estrategia óptima de tratamiento. (AU)

Recent studies of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (CPFDL), have shown that they can reduce craving and smoking. However, there is little research that has evaluated the effects of tDCS on motivation and self-efficacy to quit smoking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tDCS on the pattern of consumption, motivation and perceived self-efficacy to quit smoking in 16 people with Tobacco Use Disorder (TUD). A time series design with intrasubject ABAB replication was used. The treatment consisted of applying 10 repeated sessions of tDCS at 1.5 mA for 20 minutes on the CPFDL (cathode F3 and anode F4), one daily session for two weeks (Monday to Friday). After a one-month rest phase, the intra-subject treatment was replicated under identical conditions. The entire intervention lasted nine weeks and was completed by 10 participants. The results showed a significant reduction in nicotine dependence, the number of cigarettes smoked and the levels of carbon monoxide (CO) in the exhaled air. Furthermore, we observed a significant improvement in motivation and perceived self-efficacy to quit smoking. These findings suggest that the tDCS, applied on the CPFDL, may be an effective technique to use as adjunctive therapy to other pharmacological and / or psychological strategies used in the Addictive Behavior Units, or other drug addiction care centers. However, more studies are needed to investigate the interaction between the effects of nicotine and tDCS to find the optimal treatment strategy. (AU)

Aleitamento materno exclusivo e uso da bolsa canguru em bebês a termo entre o primeiro e segundo mês de idade / Exclusive breastfeeding and the use of kangaroo slings among full-term infants between their first and second months of age / Amamantamiento materno exclusivo y uso de la bolsa canguro en bebés a término entre el primer y segundo mes de edad

Objetivo: verificar a associação entre o uso da bolsa canguru, desde a maternidade até o domicílio, e aleitamento materno exclusivo, entre o 1o e 2o mês de idade, em bebês a termo saudáveis; identificar o nível de autoeficácia para o aleitamento materno, das mães que utilizaram a bolsa canguru. Métodos: estudo transversal com mães que receberam uma bolsa canguru após o parto, na maternidade, e foram orientadas sobre manterem seus bebês nesta postura, pelo menos uma hora por dia. Entre um e dois meses após o nascimento, foram investigadas a frequência do uso da bolsa canguru, autoeficácia materna da amamentação e tipo de alimentação dos bebês. Para análise foi empregado o teste ꭓ2 ou Exato de Fisher e o coeficiente V de Cramer (p < 0,05). Resultados: participaram 98 mães. Todas utilizaram a bolsa canguru no alojamento conjunto, 39,8% utilizaram três ou mais vezes por semana, no domicílio entre o primeiro e segundo mês após o parto; 70,4% dos bebês permaneceram em Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo (AME), o nível da autoeficácia materna para amamentação foi alto. AME esteve associado ao uso da bolsa canguru no domicílio (p = 0,014). Conclusão: bebês a termo saudáveis podem se beneficiar do uso da bolsa canguru desde a maternidade, estendido até o domicílio.

Objectives: to verify the association between kangaroo slings used from maternity hospital to home, and exclusive breastfeeding among healthy full-term babies between the 1st and 2nd months of age; to identify breastfeeding self-efficacy level of those mothers using a kangaroo sling. Method: this cross-sectional study addressed mothers who received a kangaroo sling after giving birth, at maternity hospital, and were instructed to keep the babies in this posture at least one hour daily. The frequency with which the mothers used the kangaroo sling, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and the type of feeding were investigated between one and two months after delivery. ꭓ2 or Fisher's exact test and Cramer's V coefficient (p < 0.05) were adopted in the analysis. Results: ninety-eight mothers participated in the study. All of them used the kangaroo sling in rooming-in; 39.8% used it three or more times a week at home between the 1st and 2nd months after giving birth; 70.4% of the babies remained on Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF), the level of breastfeeding self-efficacy was high, and EBF was associated with the use of a kangaroo sling at home (p = 0.014). Conclusion: healthy full-term babies can benefit from using a kangaroo sling, starting at the maternity hospital and extending its use to home.

Objetivo: verificar la asociación entre el uso de la bolsa canguro, desde la maternidad hasta el domicilio, y amamantamiento materno exclusivo, entre el 1o e 2o mes de edad, en bebés a término saludables; identificar el nivel de autoeficacia para el amamantamiento materno, de las madres que utilizaron la bolsa canguro. Métodos: estudio transversal con madres que recibieron una bolsa canguro después del parto, en la maternidad, y fueron orientadas sobre mantener sus bebés en esta postura, por lo menos una hora por día. Entre uno y dos meses después del nacimiento, fueron investigadas la frecuencia del uso de la bolsa canguro, autoeficacia materna del amamantamiento y tipo de alimentación de los bebés. Para el análisis fue empleado el test ꭓ2 o Exacto de Fisher y el coeficiente V de Cramer (p < 0,05). Resultados: participaron 98 madres. Todas utilizaron la bolsa canguro en alojamiento conjunto, 39,8% utilizaron tres o más veces por semana, en el domicilio entre el primero y segundo mes después el parto; 70,4%, de los bebés, permaneció en Lactancia Materno Exclusivo (LME); el nivel de la autoeficacia materna para amamantamiento fue alto. El LME estuvo asociado al uso de la bolsa canguro en el domicilio (p = 0,014). Conclusión: bebés a término saludables pueden beneficiarse del uso de la bolsa canguro desde la maternidad, extendido hasta el domicilio.

Indicators of Quality of Life According to Self-Efficacy, Physical Activity and Cognition among Elderly People Attending Open Universities for the Elderly in Southern Brazil

Introduction: Quality of life is a multifaceted construct that depends on the person's subjective perception; however, some studies have shown self-efficacy and cognition with possible indicators of this positive perception of quality of life in people. Objective: Examined prediction of Quality of Life (QL) and its domains according to self-efficacy, physical activity (PA) and cognition among elderly people attending public Open Universities for the elderly in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive correlational study with a sample of 277 elderly. Questionnaires used: Sociodemographic, WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD, IPAQ, General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination. Statistical: Descriptive and inferential analysis (correlation and multiple linear regression), significancep < .05. Results: The mean age was 67.60 (SD=6.65). Self-efficacy was related to QOL and to all domains. PA correlated with general QOL and the Psychological and Social domains. Cognition was correlated with general QOL and five other domains (Physical, Psychological, Social, Environmental, Sensory functioning, Past/Present/ Future Activities). Self-efficacy, PA and Cognition can explain 10% of the general QOL, and 14% of the Environmental domain. The specific QOL and its domains had 10% of explanation. Conclusion: QOL can be explained by the constructs self-efficacy, cognition and PA.

Introducción: La calidad de vida es un constructo multifacético que depende de la percepción subjetiva de la persona; sin embargo, algunos estudios han demostrado que la autoeficacia y la cognición son posibles indicadores de esta percepción positiva de la calidad de vida en las personas. Objetivo: se examinó la predicción de la calidad de vida (CV) y sus dominios según la autoeficacia, la actividad física (AF) y la cognición entre ancianos que asisten a Universidad Abierta para Adultos Mayores en el Estado de Paraná, Brasil. Método: estudio transversal descriptivo correlacional con una muestra de 277 ancianos. Cuestionarios utilizados: sociodemográfico, WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-OLD, IPAQ, Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida General y Examen Cognitivo de Addenbrooke. Estadística: análisis descriptivo e inferencial (correlación y regresión lineal múltiple), significancia p < .05. Resultados: la edad media fue de 67.60 (DE=6.65). La autoeficacia se relacionó con la calidad de vida y con todos los dominios. AF se correlacionó con la CV general y los dominios psicológico y social. La cognición se correlacionó con la calidad de vida general y otros cinco dominios (funcionamiento físico, psicológico, social, ambiental, sensorial, actividades pasadas/presentes/futuras). Autoeficacia, AF y cognición pueden explicar el 10% de la CV general y el 14% del dominio ambiental. La CV específica y sus dominios tuvieron 10% de explicación. Conclusión: la CV puede ser explicada por los constructos autoeficacia, cognición y AF.

Autoeficacia para el tamizaje de cáncer cervical o de próstata: comparando mujeres y hombres colombianos

Introducción: Los cánceres de cuello uterino y próstata tienen una importante carga de morbilidad en países en desarrollo. La autoeficacia para solicitar el tamizaje es un elemento clave en la prevención. Objetivo: Comparar la percepción de hombres y mujeres sobre autoeficacia para el tamizaje de cáncer cervical y de próstata. Métodos: Estudio mixto con 50 mujeres y 50 hombres. Se indagaron datos sociodemográficos. Se aplicó la escala de autoeficacia de detección del cáncer cervical, con una modificación de esta para medición de cáncer de próstata en hombres. La autoeficacia se clasificó por niveles y las variables asociadas a esta se identificaron con regresión robusta. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 27 individuos (18 hombres y 9 mujeres) con baja y alta autoeficacia, así como a individuos de "otra" religión, para conocer las diferencias en la intención del tamizaje. Se crearon tres categorías de análisis basadas en el modelo de creencias en salud. Resultados: Mujeres y hombres fueron similares, excepto en religión, ocupación y antecedentes de Papanicolaou o examen rectal. La autoeficacia fue mayor entre las mujeres (ß aj.:-15,29 IC del 95 %: -18,36 a -12,21) y los no creyentes (ß aj.: -5,38 IC del 95 %: -10,33 a -0,44). Ellas buscan más el tamizaje que los hombres, quienes necesitan tener síntomas para hacerlo, necesitan tener síntomas. La vergüenza e incomodidad son barreras expresadas por ambos sexos. En los hombres, el machismo es una fuerte barrera para solicitar el tamizaje. La religión asocia el sexo con impureza, siendo una barrera entre las mujeres. Los servicios de atención de la salud solo se centran en el cribado femenino. Conclusiones: Los roles de género y elementos de religión son expresiones culturales que determinan la intención de detección del cáncer en hombres y mujeres. Las intervenciones de los servicios de salud deben considerar estos elementos para mejorar la cobertura de detección temprana y reducir la morbimortalidad de estos dos tipos de cáncer.

Introduction: Cervical and prostate cancers have a significant burden of disease in developing countries. Self-efficacy to request screening is a key element in prevention. Objective: To compare the perception of men and women on self-efficacy for cervical and prostate cancer screening. Methods: Mixed study with 50 women and 50 men. Sociodemographic data was investigated. The cervical cancer detection self-efficacy scale was applied, with a modification for measuring prostate cancer in men. Self-efficacy was classified by levels and the variables associated with it were identified with robust regression. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 individuals (18 men and 9 women) with low and high self-efficacy and of "other religion" to know the differences in the intention of the screening. Three categories of analysis were created based on the health belief model. Results: Women and men were similar except for religion, occupation, and history of Pap smear or rectal exam. Self-efficacy was higher among women (Adj. ß: -15.29, 95% CI: -18.36 to -12.21) and non-believers (Adj. ß: -5.38, 95% CI: -10.33 to -0.44). They seek screening more than men because they need to have symptoms. Shame and discomfort are barriers expressed by both genders. In men, machismo is a strong barrier to request screening. Religion associates sex with impurity, thus, acts as a barrier among women. Health care services only focus on female screening. Conclusions: gender roles and elements of religion are cultural expressions, which determine the intention of cancer detection in men and women. Health services interventions should consider these elements to improve the coverage of early detection and reduce the morbidity and mortality of these two types of cancer.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ-II) for Portuguese-speaking Brazilian secondary school students

Introduction: Science motivation is important for students' scientific literacy. Yet, there is a lack of valid and reliable measurement tools for the Brazilian context. This study presents the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Science Motivation Questionnaire (SMQ-II) and motivational baseline data. Method: The instrument was translated into Brazilian Portuguese using cross-cultural validation procedures. For structural validity evidence, the responses of 646 secondary school students were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, as well as measurement invariance. For reliability evidence, Cronbach's alpha (a) and McDonald's omega (w) were calculated. Students' motivation was analysed using 2 (gender) x 4 (grade levels) x 3 (study modality) MANOVA. Results: 24 items measuring intrinsic motivation, career motivation, grade motivation, and self-efficacy supported a four-factor structure with adequate reliability against the original five-factor structure (self-determination was not salient). Measurement invariance was established across the gender and study modalities, but not for grade levels. Higher-grade level Brazilian students were less motivated, and girls reported higher intrinsic and career motivation, but lower self-efficacy than boys. Conclusion: These findings lay the foundation for the assessment of Brazilian students' science motivation, although they also reveal problems in the latent structure of the SMQ-II and call for the development of instruments rooted in contemporary motivational theories.

Introdução: A motivação científica é importante para a alfabetização científica dos estudantes. No entanto, há uma falta de ferramentas de medição válidas e confiáveis para o contexto brasileiro. Este estudo apresenta a versão em português brasileiro do Questionário de Motivação Científica (SMQ-II) e dados de base motivacionais. Método: O instrumento foi traduzido para o português brasileiro utilizando procedimentos de validação transcultural. Para construir provas de validade, as respostas de 646 alunos do ensino médio foram submetidas à análise exploratória e confirmatória de fatores, bem como invariância de medidas. Para a evidência de confiabilidade, foram calculados o alfa de Cronbach (a) e o ômega de McDonald's (w). A motivação dos estudantes foi analisada usando 2 (gênero) x 4 (notas) x 3 (modalidade de estudo) MANOVA. Resultados: 24 itens medindo a motivação intrínseca, motivação de carreira, motivação de grau e auto-eficácia suportaram uma estrutura de quatro fatores com confiabilidade adequada contra a estrutura original de cinco fatores (a autodeterminação não foi saliente). A invariância da medição foi estabelecida através de gênero e modalidade de estudo, mas não para o nível de nota. Os estudantes brasileiros de grau superior estavam menos motivados, e as meninas relataram maior motivação intrínseca e de carreira, mas menor auto-eficácia do que os meninos. Conclusão: Estas descobertas abrem o caminho para a avaliação da motivação científica dos estudantes brasileiros, mas também revelam problemas na estrutura latente do SMQ-II e exigem o desenvolvimento de instrumentos enraizados em teorias motivacionais contemporâneas.

Perfil de estado de ánimo y autoeficacia percibida en tareas de salto con contramovimiento en atletas cubanos de élite

Introducción: El estado de ánimo y la autoeficacia presentan estrecha relación con el rendimiento deportivo. En atletismo, contar con un control exhaustivo del entrenamiento físico y mental supone asentar las bases del máximo rendimiento, siendo el salto vertical un excelente elemento de control. Sin embargo, su relación con los aspectos psicológicos durante los entrenamientos se ha divulgado poco en la literatura. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre el perfil de estado de ánimo y la autoeficacia durante saltos verticales en deportistas juveniles de la preselección nacional cubana de atletismo. Método: Se evaluó el estado de ánimo y la autoeficacia antes de ejecutar un salto con contra movimiento (CMJ), presentándose el valor de 40 cm como elemento de máximo rendimiento en atletas de élite. Resultados: Se encontró correlación significativa entre el factor ansiedad del POMS y variables del CMJ. Además, se encontró correlación negativa entre la autoeficacia y la ansiedad, aunque no significativa (p > .05). Conclusiones: Los deportistas con un estado de ánimo de puntuación media de ansiedad, aunque no sobreelevada (puntaje 2 sobre 4) antes de la ejecución de saltos verticales, obtuvieron mejores resultados de CMJ, consiguiendo un mayor rendimiento tanto en la altura de salto, como en la velocidad, fuerza y potencia del salto. Sin embargo, no se hallaron correlaciones significativas entre la autoeficacia y el estado de ánimo, ni con variables de salto.

Introduction: Both mood and self-efficacy seem to be components closely related to the athlete's performance. In athletics, to have an exhaustive control of training from the physical and mental point of view is to lay the foundations for sporting success. Exercises such as the vertical jump are an excellent element of control of athletic performance. However, their relationship with psychological aspects during training has been little reported in the literature. Our objective was to analyze the relationship between the mood profile and self-efficacy during vertical jumps in youth athletes of the Cuban national preselection of athletics. Method: Mood and self-efficacy were evaluated before executing a countermovement jump (CMJ), presenting the 40-cm value as the element of maximum success in elite athletes. Results: A significant correlation was found between anxiogenic mood and vertical jump variables. In addition, a negative correlation was found between self-efficacy and anxiety, although not significant (p > .05). Conclusions: Athletes with a medium anxiety score mood although not overelevated (score 2 out of 4) before the execution of vertical jumps obtained better CMJ results, achieving higher performance in both jump height, speed, strength and power of the jump. However, no significant correlations were found between self-efficacy and mood, nor with the jumping variables.

El valor predictivo de la autoeficacia en la evolución de la artritis reumatoide y su relación con el dolor y la función / The predictive value of self-efficacy in the evolution of rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship with pain and function

Antecedentes y objetivos: La artritis reumatoide (AR) cursa generalmente con una afectación mayor en el miembro superior, pudiendo ocasionar dificultades en el desempeño de actividades en el día a día. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue establecer la relación entre la autoeficacia, la intensidad del dolor y la duración de los síntomas en pacientes con AR, y analizar cómo y en qué medida cada uno de ellos influye en la discapacidad funcional, así como, conocer el valor predictivo de la autoeficacia sobre las demás variables. Métodos: Estudio transversal con una muestra de 117 mujeres con AR. Las variables de evaluación empleadas fueron la escala visual analógica (EVA), el cuestionario QuickDASH y la escala española de autoeficacia en enfermedades reumáticas. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que el modelo más significativo para la función (R2=0,35) incluye la variable función y dolor, por lo que, sí hay relación existente entre la autoeficacia, la intensidad del dolor y la funcionalidad del miembro superior, así como la asociación de las puntuaciones obtenidas en la EVA, QuickDASH y la escala española de autoeficacia en enfermedades reumáticas para su evaluación. Discusión y conclusiones: Nuestros resultados, concuerdan con estudios previos donde se establece la posible relación entre la autoeficacia y la discapacidad funcional, así como la autoeficacia y su relación con funciones físicas, demostrando que un bajo nivel de autoeficacia implica una disminución de la funcionalidad, pero sin que ninguna variable sea más predictora que otra.(AU)

Background and objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) primarily affects the upper limbs and can cause disturbances in the performance of daily activities. The main objective of this study was to establish the relationship between self-efficacy, pain intensity, and duration of symptoms in patients with RA and analyse how each influences functional disability, and to determine the predictive value of self-efficacy over the other variables. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 117 women diagnosed with RA. The endpoints were the visual analogue scale (VAS), Quick-DASH questionnaire and the Spanish scale of self-efficacy in rheumatic diseases. Results: The most significant model for function (R2=0.35) includes function and pain, therefore, there is a relationship between self-efficacy, pain intensity, and upper limb functionality. Discussion and conclusions: Our results agree with previous studies where a relationship between self-efficacy and functional disability is established, as well as self-efficacy and its relationship with physical functions, demonstrating that a low level of self-efficacy implies a decrease in functionality; however, no variable is more predictive than another.(AU)

Early childhood intervention practitioners’ competence and confidence appraisals using recommended practices and relationship with parent involvement / Competencia y confianza profesional en atención temprana en el uso de prácticas recomendadas y su relación con la involucración parental

La involucración parental es un componente importante de las prácticas recomendadas en atención temprana (AT). Sin embargo, la forma en que los padres son involucradosen la intervención temprana de sus hi-jos difiere considerablemente entre los profesionales. En este sentido, la investigación actual muestra que el juicio de los profesionales en relación a su competencia y confianza influye el uso de prácticas de AT. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron (1) adaptar y validar la Early Childhood Intervention Practitioner Competence and Confidence Scale para su uso en España, (2) examinar las propiedades psicométricas de esta escala, (3) comparar las creencias de los profesionales en relación a su competencia y confianza en el uso de prácticas recomendadas, y (4) analizar la relación entre estas creencias y el juicio de los profesionales sobre la involucración parental en AT. A este fin, se contó con una muestra española de 130 profesionales de AT. Los resultados indicaron que la escala es un instrumento válido y fiable para medir la competencia y confianza profesional en el uso de seis prácti-cas recomendadas de AT en el contexto español. El juicio de los profesio-nales respecto a su competencia y confianza difirió entre las diversas prác-ticas recomendadas. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas y significativas entre las valoraciones de competencia y confianza de los profesionales y sus juicios sobre la involucración parental. Estos resultados muestran que una elevada competencia y confianza en el uso de diferentes tipos de prác-ticas recomendadas en AT está relacionada con una mayor involucración parental en la participación activa del niño en su aprendizaje y desarrollo en actividades cotidianas. Se discuten las implicaciones prácticas y de investigación.(AU)

Parent involvement in early childhood intervention (ECI) is considered an important component of recommended ECI practices. However, how parents are involved in their child’s early intervention dif-fers considerably between ECI practitioners. Current research indicates that practitioners’ competence and confidence appraisals influence the use of ECI practices. The purposes of this study were to (1) adapt and validate the Early Childhood Intervention Practitioner Competence and Confi-dence Scale for use in Spain, (2) examine the psychometric properties of the scale, (3) compare practitioners’ beliefs about their competence and confidence in using recommended ECI practices, and (4) evaluate the rela-tionship between belief appraisals and practitioners’ judgmentsof parent involvement in ECI. The sample included 130 Spanish ECI practitioners. The results indicated that the scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring practitioners’ competence and confidence in using six ECI-recommended practices in Spain. Practitioners’ appraisals of competence and confidence, however, differed across the recommended practices. Sig-nificant positive correlations were found between the practitioners’ ap-praisals of competence and confidence and their judgments of parent in-volvement. These results show that a strong sense of competence and con-fidence in using different kinds of ECI-recommended practices is related to increased parent involvement in active child participation in learning and development in everyday activities. Research and practical implications are discussed.(AU)

Which is the optimum parenting for adolescents with low vs. high self-efficacy? Self-concept, psychological maladjustmentand academic performance of adolescents in the Spanish context / ¿Cuál es el estilo parental óptimo para adolescentes con baja vs. alta autoeficacia? Autoconcepto, desajuste psicológico y rendimiento académico de los adolescentes en el contexto español

El objetivo de este estudio es identificar qué estilo parental se asocia con resultados óptimos entre los adolescentes de familias españolas considerando aquellos con baja vs. alta autoeficacia. Los participantes fueron 1029 adolescentes españoles, 453 varones (44%), de 12 a 17 años. Aunque los estudios clásicos identifican el estilo autorizativo (basado en el afecto y la severidad) como la mejor estrategia socializadora, las investigaciones emergentes cuestionan seriamente los beneficios de la severidad parental. Además, el impacto de la socialización parental en la competencia psicosocial del adolescente se ha estudiado durante años, pero se sabe menos sobre si podría variar en función de las características individuales del adolescente (e.g., la autoeficacia). Las familias fueron clasificadas por estilo parental (autorizativo, autoritario, indulgente o negligente), y los adolescentes por baja vs. alta autoeficacia. La competencia psicosocial se examinó a través del autoconcepto emocional y académico, el desajuste psicológico (hostilidad/agresión, autoestima negativa, irresponsividad emocional, inestabilidad emocional y visión negativa del mundo) y el rendimiento académico (nota media y número de cursos repetidos). Se comprobaron los efectos principales y de interacción de estilo parental y autoeficacia. Los resultados de los efectos principales indicaron que los adolescentes con baja autoeficacia presentaban siempre la peor competencia psicosocial. También que los adolescentes de familias indulgentes y autorizativas presentaron mejores resultados que los de familias negligentes y autoritarias. Sin embargo, el estilo parental indulgente se asoció a los mejores resultados. El impacto de la socialización parental podría no ser igual en todos los contextos culturales. Frente a los resultados de los estudios clásicos, la severidad parental parece ser innecesaria o incluso perjudicial para los adolescentes con baja y alta autoeficacia.(AU)

The aim of this paper is to establish which parenting style is as-sociated with optimum outcomes among adolescents of Spanish families considering adolescents with low vs. high self-efficacy. Although classical studies identify the authoritative parenting style (based on warmth and strictness) as the best parental strategy, emerging research seriously ques-tions the benefits of parental strictness. Additionally, the impact of parent-ing on the adolescent’s psychosocial competence has been studied for years, but less is known about whether it might vary depending on individ-ual characteristics of the adolescent (e.g., self-efficacy). Participants were 1029 Spanish adolescents, 453 males (44%), aged 12-17 years. Families were classified in one of the parenting styles groups (authoritative, authori-tarian, indulgent, or neglectful), and adolescents were grouped by low vs. high self-efficacy. Adolescent psychosocial competence was examined through emotional and academic self-concept, psychological maladjust-ment (hostility/aggression, negative self-esteem, emotional responsivity, instability, and negative view of the world), and academic performance (grade point average and number of failing grades). Main and interaction effects of parenting style and adolescent self-efficacy were tested. Main ef-fect results indicated that adolescents with low self-efficacy were always as-sociated with the worst psychosocial competence. Consistently, the main effect findings indicated that adolescents from indulgent and authoritative families were associated with better results than those from neglectful and authoritarian families. However, the indulgent parenting style yielded the best results. The impact of parenting might not be the same for adoles-cents in all cultural contexts. Contrary to findings from classical studies, parental strictness seems to be unnecessary or even detrimental for adoles-cents with low and high self-efficacy.(AU)

Versão brasileira da Self-efficacy for home exercise programs scale para a população idosa / Brazilian version of Self-efficacy for home exercise programs scale for the elderly population / Versión brasileña de "self-efficacy for home exercise programs scale" para la población de ancianos

Objetivo: buscar evidências de validade da versão brasileira Self-efficacy for home exercise programs scale" para a população idosa. Método: foram analisadas as evidências de conteúdo, processo de resposta e estrutura interna. Foram utilizados dois painéis de especialistas (equivalências e conteúdo) por ser um assembly. Três formatos da escala foram analisados: original, 5 pontos e 7 pontos. Para o processo de resposta e estrutura interna participaram 174 idosos. A Estrutura interna foi testada pela análise fatorial exploratória. Resultados: Sete dos 12 itens passaram por ajuste de redação, e um item foi adicionado por orientação dos especialistas. O processo de resposta indicou que a versão com 5 pontos foi a apontada pelos idosos como a melhor para ser respondida. Na estrutura interna, o modelo unidimensional com a escala de 5 pontos obteve com os melhores indicadores. Conclusão: recomenda-se a adoção do instrumento de forma unidimensional e o uso da escala de 5 pontos.

Objective: to seek evidence of validity of the Brazilian version Self-efficacy for home exercise programs scale" for the elderly population. Method: evidence of content, response process and internal structure were analyzed. Two expert panels were used (equivalences and content) as it is an assembly. Three scale formats were analyzed: original, 5 points and 7 points. For the response process and internal structure, 174 older people participated. The Internal Structure was tested by exploratory factor analysis. Results: Seven of the 12 items underwent wording adjustments, and one item was added following expert guidance. The response process indicated that the version with 5 points was pointed out by the elderly as the best to be answered. In the internal structure, the one-dimensional model with the 5-point scale obtained the best indicators. Conclusion: it is recommended to adopt the instrument in a unidimensional way and use the 5-point scale.

Objetivo: buscar evidencias de validez de la versión brasileña de "Self-efficacy for home exercise programs scale" (escala de autoeficacia de programas de ejercicios en el hogar) para la población anciana. Método: se analizaron evidencias de contenido, proceso de respuesta y estructura interna. Se utilizaron dos paneles de expertos (equivalencias y contenido) por tratarse de una asamblea. Se analizaron tres formatos de escala: original, 5 puntos y 7 puntos. 174 ancianos participaron en el proceso de respuesta y la estructura interna. Se probó la Estructura Interna mediante análisis factorial exploratorio. Resultados: Siete de los 12 ítems se sometieron a ajustes de redacción y se agregó un ítem siguiendo la opinión de expertos. El proceso de respuesta indicó que los ancianos indicaron la versión con 5 puntos como siendo la mejor para ser respondida. En la estructura interna, el modelo unidimensional con escala de 5 puntos obtuvo los mejores indicadores. Conclusión: se recomienda adoptar el instrumento de forma unidimensional y utilizar la escala de 5 puntos.